Linda Thompson's Key Ideas from Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking When Stakes are High, Third Edition
by Joseph Grenny, Kerry Patterson, Ron McMillan, Al Switzler, Emily Gregory

When you’re in a crucial conversation, it’s easy for high stakes to get the better of you and for things to blow up. You lose focus.

A great way to avoid this is by setting yourself a clear goal for the conversation.

Another way to focus your mind is to ask yourself:

• What do they want for/from me?
• What do I want for them?
• What don’t I want from this?
• How do I avoid that?

These simple questions will help you empathize with the other person, pre-solve any challenges and have better, more constructive conversations.

Crucial conversations can be frightening. When we get scared, we typically turn to one of two “Styles Under Stress”: Silence or Violence.

Silence behaviors include:

• Masking: Hiding your true opinion through sarcasm or sugarcoating;
• Avoiding: Steering away from the conversation topic; and
• Withdrawing: Pulling out of the conversation by changing the topic or leaving.

Violence behaviors include:

• Attacking: Belittling or threatening;
• Controlling: Coercing others into your way of thinking, cutting people off, exaggerating your facts, or speaking in absolutes; and
• Labeling: Dismissing something by associating it with a stereotype.

These questions might help you better understand your behavior:

• When do you have outbreaks of your Style Under Stress?
• What situations do you find stressful? and
• What subjects do you find stressful?

Once you’ve learned to look at yourself you can start looking at other people.

Understanding their proclivity for violence or silence will help you to plan your approach.

You can do this through mutual respect and mutual purpose.

• To ensure mutual respect, ask: Do they believe you respect them?
• Apologize when appropriate.

To ensure mutual purpose, ask:

• Do you both trust each other’s motives in this conversation? 
• Do they believe that you care about what they have to say?

The most common stories are:

• Victim Stories: they ignore your responsibility for causing the problem;
• Villain Stories: they make the problem someone else’s fault; and
• Helpless Stories: they make us feel powerless to fix the situation.

These stories assume the worst about ourselves and the people around us. These stories lead to silence or violence.

We need to develop five distinct skills.

We need to STATE:

• Share your facts – Start with your least controversial points. Ease them into the conversation.
• Tell your story – Explain your perspective. Where do you think the conversation is going?
• Ask for others’ paths – Allow others to share what they think and want from the conversation.
• Talk tentatively – Don’t treat your perspective as fact. Remember it’s your story. It might not be anyone else’s
• Encourage testing – Let others challenge your points. Their opinions have value and could help you find the truth.

To encourage other people to share, try AMPP:

• Ask questions – Get things moving with questions. They show you’re interested and help others contribute.
• Mirror feelings – Let others know you recognize what they’re feeling e.g. “I can hear that you’re upset about that” or “It sounds like you want to make a change.”
• Paraphrase to show understanding – Show you understand by putting what they’ve said in your own words e.g. “To make sure I’ve got this right; you want to…”
• Prime when you’re unsure – Make an educated guess when they give you nothing e.g.”I would feel sad about that. What about you?”

One more acronym to help with others’ paths is ABC:

• Agree – Tell them what you do agree with.
• Build – Build on what they’ve said.
• Compare – Compare and contrast when you completely disagree.

• Command – If you know what you want, give clear instructions. The best way to do this is to phrase a request. It also helps to give reasons.
• Consult – Decisions are better when everyone inputs. Only use this if you need outside input; don’t pretend. When you make a decision, report it to everyone you’ve asked.
• Vote – Votes should never replace healthy dialogue and analysis. But they can be great for either/or decisions.
• Consensus – This is where everyone comes to the same decision. Don’t force it. These need to happen naturally to be sure everyone agrees.