Crowdsourcing has become a household word, with crowdfunded products, businesses, art projects, nonprofits, and even new journalism models. Citizen scientists band together virtually to find new galaxies, count birds, and monitor water quality.
But the granddaddy of crowdsourced information sites is Wikipedia, which—somewhat ironically—can tell you that the Encyclopaedia Britannica, its predecessor and former go-to source for information, published its last print edition in 2012.

Crowdsourcing

Wikipedia’s popularity as an information source with everyone from grade-schoolers to those in their golden years, led Shane Greenstein, a professor of strategy at the Kellogg School, to investigate how faithfully Wikipedia adheres to a “neutral point of view.” 
Newer articles, he has found, are less biased than ones crafted earlier in the site’s existence. But how does Wikipedia stack up against encyclopedias? Is the wisdom of the crowd more biased than the wisdom of experts?

The Popularity Of Wikipedia

As sources that aspire to provide comprehensive information, Britannica and Wikipedia face similar conflicts over the length, tone, and factual basis of controversial, unverifiable, and subjective content.
Understandably, these conflicts are “pervasive” when it comes to current events and other politically charged topics.

Bias, Tone and Slant

Britannica and Wikipedia address this problem in distinct ways. The encyclopedia uses a small group of experts and editors who engage in a back-and-forth dialogue before settling on what to publish for a given entry. 
Wikipedia goes much larger scale, depending on the virtual crowd—tens of millions of people—to generate entry information. And compared to its traditional counterpart, Wikipedia has a dramatically decentralized process for dealing with editing and conflicts. Does this allow more bias to creep into its entries?

The Resulting Conflicts

Wikipedia’s political articles are more likely to lean “mildly” Democratic—or to slant left—than Britannica’s. The extent of the bias in Wikipedia entries is greater.
Wikipedia articles with more revision in them had less bias and were less likely to lean Democratic. The largest biases and slants arise on Wikipedia articles with fewer contributions.
This is largely consistent with Linus’s Law, a principle applied to software development that claims that “given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow."

More Eyeballs, Less Bias

Longer articles were more likely to be biased than shorter ones. And Wikipedia’s articles tend to be longer than Britannica’s—partly for the obvious reason that online content faces none of the financial constraints print media does in regard to length. 
The greater availability of space enables Wikipedia’s writers to add material at will. And that means more opportunity to hear from all of the biased points of view.

The Text Is Not Alright

It is important to remember that Wikipedia positions itself as a jumping-off point rather than a definitive source. Britannica, on the other hand, presented itself as the ultimate authority.
But many people do take Wikipedia as definitive. And that is why it is important to tease out its problems, including bias, without detracting from its “marvelous achievement.”

Information Context

Crowdsourced Wikipedia entries are more biased than Encyclopaedia Britannica articles.

technologyandthefuture

Technology & The Future

Can Wikipedia Be Trusted?

“The right to be forgotten” (RTBF), also known as the right to erasure, gives individuals the right to ask organisations to delete their personal data. It appears in Recitals 65 and 66 and in Article 17 of the GDPR.

The Right To Be Forgotten

<ul><li>The right to be forgotten is about making sure that the people themselves – not algorithms – decide what information is available about them when their name is entered in a search engine. </li><li>In practice this means that a search engine will have to, subject to certain conditions being met, remove a search result linking to a specific webpage when it receives a request from a citizen. </li><li>Therefore, the judgement makes sure that citizens are in control of their personal data.</li></ul>

Myth 1: “The Judgement Does Nothing For Citizens”

<ul><li>The judgement only concerns search engine results involving a person’s name.</li><li>The content remains unaffected by the request lodged with the search engine, in its original location on the internet.</li><li>The content can still be found through the same search engine based on a different query. </li></ul>

Myth 2: “The Judgement Entails The Deletion Of Content”

<ul><li>The RTBF, which is a part of the right to personal data protection, is not absolute. It is balanced against other fundamental rights. </li><li>That’s why the judgement limits the RTBF and recognises that there may be a public interest in all links to content remaining online. </li><li>RTBF applies only where the information is inaccurate, inadequate, irrelevant or excessive for the purposes of data processing. </li></ul>

Myth 3: “The Judgement Contradicts Freedom Of Expression”

<ul><li>RTBF does not allow governments to decide what can and cannot be online or what should or should not be read. </li><li>It is a right that citizens will invoke to defend their interests as they see fit. Independent authorities (national data protection authorities + national courts) will oversee the assessment carried out by the search engine operators. </li></ul>

Myth 4: “The Judgement Allows For Censorship”

<ul><li>As content is not deleted, the internet does not have a diminished importance as a source of information. Takedown mechanism already existed before. </li></ul>

Myth 5: “The Judgement Will Change The Way The Internet Works”

The Right to be Forgotten: Myth Busting

Do you know how better is to work in a field you are good at? A good hacker need some of the following skills to come up with good actions for the security.

Ethical Hacking: An essential skills

Computer networking will better help you know how to connect two computers remotely and be able to retrieve data from one to another. You will better start executing some programs to the remote computer without having it.

Learn Computer networking

Some programming languages you will need to learn includes Python and JavaScript to help you execute your codes faster and efficiently.

Learn programming languages

This will help you code and decode data from binary to readable data such as texts. Using such type of knowledge will help you to use hashes which are still useful in password cracking.

Learn cryptography

Analyzing data is the essential thing in cybersecurity and every hacker should be aware of this type of data analysis which will help anyone with a capacity of discovering what is the need to reach to something.

Learn database analysis

You cannot really get better engaged in ethical hacking without knowing how to handle hardware things. This is essential for you to know how to better manipulate distant devices.

Learn basic skills on hardware.

Crucial and efficient to those who wish to become better at cyber security as cyberexperts. 

cybersecurity

Cybersecurity

How experts are made?..

This study aims to analyse the adoption of mobile payment applications during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic using the technology acceptance model (TAM) and Technology Readiness Index (TRI). TRI constructs affect perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, with the exception of discomfort which has no significant effect on the perceived usefulness. In addition, attitude is influenced by two main TAM variables: perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Meanwhile, the intention to use mobile payment applications is influenced by attitude.

Summary

<ul><li>perceived usefulness and easiness of use determine one’s attitude towards the adoption of a particular technology and consequently determine the intention to use and apply the technology</li><li>perceived usefulness: the extent to which a person believes that using a particular system will improve his work performance </li><li>perceived ease of use: a person’s belief that using a particular system will free him from effort</li><li>readiness for a specific system</li></ul>

Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

<ul><li>related to one’s tendency to use new technology as well as the general sentiment about the new technology </li><li>16 items, measuring optimism, innovativeness, discomfort and insecurity</li><li>readiness for general technology</li></ul>

Technology Readiness Index (TRI)

H1-4: Optimism/Innovativeness have a positive effect on perceived usefulness/ease-of-use. ✅ supportedH5-8: Discomfort/Insecurity have a negative effect on perceived usefulness/ease-of-use. ✅ H6❌ H5, H7-8H9-10: Perceived usefulness/ease-of-use have a positive influence on attitude. ✅ supportedH11: Attitude has a positive influence on intention to use mobile payment applications. ✅ supported

Hypotheses

<ul><li>TRI constructs have a high level of importance in their effect on attitude and intention to use</li><li>optimism has the highest level of importance ➡️ must be increased by service providers by convincing users of the benefits of using mobile payment applications </li><li>insecurity has a positive effect on perceived usefulness and ease of use (❌H7-8); “explorer”/techno-ready user more likely to learn to use the application</li></ul>

Findings

Predicting the adoption of mobile payment applications during the COVID-19 pandemic - Author: Wahyu Rafdinal, Widi Senalasari

marketingandsales

Marketing & Sales

moneyandinvestments

Money & Investments

Predicting the adoption of mobile payment applications during the COVID-19 pandemic

<ul><li>Built-in fast webserver</li><li>Production-ready</li><li>Highly scalable</li><li>ASGI compliant</li><li>Simple and intuitive API design</li><li>By the community, for the community</li></ul>

Features

Goal : To provide a simple way to get up and running a high-performance HTTP server that is easy to build, expand, and ultimately to scale.

<ul><li>What if we want to get data if the database is empty?</li><li>what if we want to update a student that is not in the database?</li><li>What if we want to delete a student that is not in the database?</li><li>What if we want to get data by id, not whole data?</li></ul>

Questions to solve

Goal: To provide a simple way to get up and running a high-performance HTTP server that is easy to build, expand, and ultimately to scale.

Sanic is a Python 3.7+ web server and web framework that’s written to go fast. It allows the usage of the async/await syntax added in Python 3.5, which makes your code non-blocking and speedy. Goal…

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Computer Science

softwareengineering

Software Engineering

Introducing Sanic: The Python Asynchoronous Web Framework

Next Step in Technology

The Future Is Faster Than You Think

<ul><li>Technology affects the way individuals communicate, learn, and think. It helps society and determines how people interact with each other on a daily basis.</li></ul>

What is technology?

<ul><li>It has been a leader in applying virtual and augmented reality applications to functions of the internet beyond its massive social-media platform.</li></ul>

What Is Meta ??

<ul><li>Virtual reality is an artificial environment that is created with software and presented to the user in such a way that the user suspends belief and accepts it as a real environment. </li></ul>

What Is Virtual Reality ???

<ul><li>Link:</li></ul>https://youtube.com/channel/UCh_2GHCJFQtW7ojcpDiUNkg

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Technology makes us wise and also in good way ...

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Career

Next generation in Technology

A survey from Wells Fargo shows that 74% of consumers are willing to spend more to shop at small businesses. Reasons include better customer service, finding unique items, and supporting their communities. However, businesses need to be equipped to support that demand, since there is a growing number of customers that won't purchase if a business doesn't offer a contactless payment method.

Supporting small businesses

Small businesses should focus on technologies that can provide an automated clearing house (ACH), real-time payments, commercial cards, and so on. Digital payables and receivables are likely to be permanent, and companies that accelerate adoption are likely to have a competitive advantage.

Creating a competitive edge

As the pandemic forges on, the divide between contactless payments and the payment methods of yesteryear could widen.

business

Business

Consumers Want to Shop Small This Holiday Season. Ensure You Don't Miss Out

<ul><li>Use two-factor authentication</li></ul>This is the best way to keep your accounts hard to crack because one must have your 4ne on backup codes to log into your accounts.<ul><li>Avoid using unsecured public Wi-Fi</li></ul>Avoid using public Wi-Fi's because some attackers might get advantage and hijack some malicious codes into your Smartphone or PC and even open your Camera and Mic.<ul><li>Keep your confidential data offline</li></ul>Many people keep their confidential data online and think they are safe but know that internet is for everyone and there are some cyber experts who are not kind enough to keep your information confidential.

How to stay secure online?

It is better to help than sit and watch because you will always be in need of others.

Your Security

In 1993, the first web browser was released. Originally known as Mosaic, it was renamed Netscape. The internet grew in popularity as people began emailing each other, browsing the net and creating their own pages.
Many businesses sprang up to take advantage of the new technology, with some being a success and many being failures. By the late 90s, there was a wide range of goods and services being offered for sale. Google came along and improved the entire experience by making it much easier for people to find the things they were looking for.

Internet: The Beginning

By 2005, Web 2.0 gave rise to social media websites. Instead of being the occasional source of entertainment or a place to check email, the internet has become integrated with people’s lives. People’s personal finance and social interactions, to name but two domains, have been transformed. 
Now, people essentially live their lives online. Our world has been transformed by the ability to communicate quickly. Citizen journalists have been able to bring global awareness to a host of social and political issues. People can work together on projects regardless of where they might live.

Web 2.0

American companies no longer enjoy local advantages and must now compete against companies from other countries that might have cheaper labour or less regulation. No business is safe from these changing market forces. 
Technology has lowered barriers to entry, making it easier and cheaper for new businesses to start up, meaning many businesses are now competing with one another all over the world. This might be great for new startups in Zambia, but it also means erosion of traditional businesses. Everything is undergoing realignment, which is good for some, but bad for others.

A Global Marketplace

A platform is an ecosystem that scales easily and encompasses features, users and partners. Platforms allow people to contact each other and exchange information. They make third party collaboration much easier. The platform is a business model. 
Even large companies can be platforms. In a beneficent (as opposed to vicious) circle, platforms generate network effects which make the platforms more popular, which generate more network effects.

The Concept Of Platforms

Monopolies don’t socially optimise resources. Monopolies create barriers to entry, effectively preventing meaningful competition. There’s the controversial notion of natural monopolies when barriers to entry are so high that really only one company can succeed. 
AT&T is an example; back in the day, they were pretty much the only phone company. They had a complete monopoly. Some people say this is just a natural result of market circumstances, so it’s cool. Others say the whole idea is in error.

Monopolies

<ul><li>Platforms aren’t monopolies, as they have a low barrier of entry and do not lock users in.</li><li>Platforms don’t have the kind of power in people’s lives the way that monopolies are disposed to have, so they don’t generate the same level of hatred.</li><li>Platform companies tend to have price discrimination, which is to say that the different sides pay different charges.</li><li>Information technology platform firms are different from monopolies.</li></ul>

Platforms Vs Monopolies

Amazon was predicted to fail in 2001. In response, founder Jeff Bezos decided to grow the company as fast as possible. By 2002, it was the first retailer to make a profit on internet commerce. Today it’s a big success. It’s helpful to have First Mover Advantage (FMA). Being the first company to make a significant move in a market puts a company at a distinct advantage.

The Leaders Of The Platform Age: Amazon

Customer experience is important. Amazon puts lots of effort into providing good customer service. The importance of customer experience is magnified due to the potency of network effects. 
Amazon asks for permission when it uses people’s info. This is a good thing to do. They also let people opt out of their emails. Users are encouraged to feel that their concerns matter to the company.

Taking Care Of Customer Experience

At one time, it took 12 clicks to buy something on EBay. In 1997, Amazon introduced 1-Click transactions. They managed to reduce a lot of transaction friction and people gravitated to the site. 
How a platform enables smoother and faster transactions is one of the most fundamental ways it can promote customer adoption.

Platform Technology: Transactions

Powerful business intelligence software allows the site to make relevant suggestions to users without the clutter of ads the users might not appreciate. Users can rate the products they purchase. 
In fact, they can even rate products that they didn’t purchase on the platform. The rating system takes advantage of network effects and allows the site to be even more accurate in the products it recommends to individual customers.

Platform Technology: Suggestions, Recommendations And Ratings

<ul><li>Once upon a time in 1977, there were three fellows, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne. They started a little enterprise called Apple Computer. </li><li>Famously, Jobs was forced to resign in 1985, only to return to the company in 1997.</li><li>In the mid-1980s, the company started developing other devices in addition to computers. They designed cameras, CD players, speakers and many other high tech gadgets.</li><li>By the early 2000s, the company was much more than a computer manufacturer.</li></ul>

Beyond The Computer: Apple

Good design is part of the brand; Apple products look good and they don’t have extraneous bells and whistles. They are intuitive and straightforward. 
Simplicity, ease of use and enjoyment are the qualities that made Apple products great. These are also the qualities that make for great platforms. Products like the iPhone allowed partners to create apps, and so Apple became a platform company.

The Apple Brand: Good Design Everywhere

The App Store has made a lot of money for Apple.They opened the Application Programming Interface (API), and now the App Store lets them grow even more without having to pay for developers, programmers, servicers or anyone else for these apps. Open APIs made innovation happen faster. Like other major platform companies, Apple figured how to monetize its ecosystem besides selling hardware and software.

The Apple Platforms: App Store

Founder Mark Zuckerberg is a platform genius. He knew right from the beginning that he wanted the site to be a platform, back when no one was thinking like that. It was founded in 2004 by Zuckerberg and two others. He learned from other websites that were gigantic failures and made sure that:<ul><li>Facebook loaded fast.</li><li>It was scalable.</li><li>It had authentic identities of everyone to deter fraud.</li><li>It had various mini platform planks like games, ads, fan pages, messaging and news feed.</li></ul>

Facebook: The Early Years

Sergey Brin and Larry Page incorporated Google in 1998. It didn’t take them long to realise that their search engine was limited. Even if they could search and index the web with breathtaking speed and efficiency, people would use the site more if it did more than simply search. Google added lots of features beyond simple keyword searches, sometimes growing so fast that its purposes defied logic or planning. For example, they scanned the contents of libraries without getting copyright permission from publishers.

Google: Search Engine Plus Everything Else

Google has many planks. This keeps users on its platform. This includes planks such as mobile, maps and streaming video. They continue to add more products. 
As Amazon, Apple and Facebook did, Google has grown by moving sideways. They also monetized the platform with ads; additionally, they raised revenue by charging to bring up companies on user searches.

The Platform Planks Of Google

<ul><li>Google offers a diverse range of services.</li><li>It has deep personalization with the users.</li><li>The search algorithm is tailored and fine-tuned to perfection.</li><li>They offer a majority of their services for free.</li></ul>

The Smart Ways Of Google

There are many properties these four platforms(Apple, Google, Amazon and Facebook) have in common.<ul><li>They all have dynamic stability, meaning they are stable and yet always changing.</li><li>They are adaptable.</li><li>They’re all dependent on data and technology. They collect lots of information about people because that helps them make decisions and function better.</li><li>They understand their customers. </li><li>They have lots of partners because that grows their businesses.</li><li>They take advantage of network effects.</li><li>They have communities that are really engaged.</li><li>They benefit from positive feels and have virality.</li></ul>

The DNA: Platform Components and Characteristics

Facebook pioneered the like button, and now it, or something very much like it, is ubiquitous across the internet. Everyone borrows each other’s good ideas. Platforms should also cultivate stickiness, provide lots of different features so that it’s convenient for users to stay on the site as they engage in a variety of activities. The longer people are kept on the platform, the better.

Innovations Made Universal

Major platforms tend to have well known “rock star” executives at the top. Think of Zuckerberg, Bezos, and Jobs. These people didn’t become household names just like that. Platform companies have visionary leaders. They aren’t democratic. Decision making can be done quickly when leadership is strong and there are few protocols requiring them to gain consensus. Once a decision is made, these leaders can then ensure that the decision is acted on.

Rockstar At The Top

Platforms magnify the power of brands. Platform brands can become so powerful they are verb branded, that is to say, the firm’s name describes their core activity. 
For example, googling. For Google, this happened because they did their job better than their competitors. The brand has become seared into public awareness.

Googling And Facebooking

<ul><li>Platforms can offer multiple products and services, which can save customers time from having to go to different places. This will keep your customers from going over to your competitors. </li><li>Your customers will be grateful to have the convenience of having everything in one place, and their loyalty will continue to grow.</li><li>Platforms can help to grow your business in ways that you could never have foreseen. </li><li>Sometimes a platform will start a side business that becomes more and more lucrative and important than the original enterprise ever was.</li></ul>

The Benefits Of Platforms

Platforms can react quicker to changing conditions than traditional firms. New products can be launched faster. They can respond with great agility to unexpected trends. In a world of continuous change, the ability to be light on one’s feet is essential. Don’t let your company languish in the technological Stone Age. Your competition is probably already working on a platform right now.

A Changing Landscape

While platforms are a great business model now in its ascendancy, that doesn’t mean that they are free of problems. Like any field of human endeavour, there is plenty of room for shortcomings and failure. Platforms aren’t always successful, for one thing. 
Sometimes they never get off the ground, sometimes they crash and burn. Platforms have their limits. They can’t sell bad products any more successfully than a traditional business can.

The Perils Of Platforms

Platforms aren’t a perfect solution to all the world’s ills. Lots of people dislike any given platform for any number of reasons. Just because an enterprise is a platform is not a guarantee it will do well. Many platforms are unsuccessful and fail. Some examples of platform failures include Microsoft, AOL, Yahoo!, Myspace, eBay and Enron. We can learn quite a bit from studying the failures of others. Although some of these companies have survived in the long run, they all have missed important opportunities in ways that caused them significant damage.

Failed Platforms

<ul><li>Stay simple and as minimal as possible.</li><li>Eschew bureaucracy. Act small.</li><li>Traditional companies get bogged down in rules and paperwork that can really hinder innovation.</li><li>Nurture the community on your platform by staying open and collaborative. </li><li>Look for extensions — new planks — that fit with your core activity. </li><li>Make intelligent acquisitions.</li><li>Develop lots of ideas. Take small risks. Go down that path to see if it leads somewhere.</li><li>Maintain core business operations even though you innovate too.</li><li>Understand that you’ll fail frequently.</li></ul>

Tips For Building A Great Platform

Perfectionism can be an obstacle to getting things done. Of course, you want to provide a quality product, but at some point, you have to let it go. Focusing on total perfection slows you down. By the time your product is perfect, it might well be obsolete.Start with the greatest capacity that you can. Excess is good. That way you can handle unexpected spikes. That way you can scale up when the time comes.

Perfectionism And Handling Spikes

It’s dangerous to cling to safety. Embrace risk. It’s safer.When you see an opportunity, move quickly. Patience is good in many ways when you build a platform. However, most opportunities don’t stick around for long. The secret is in knowing the opportunities that will best serve your platform and jumping on them quickly.Take advantage of existing planks. It’s a lot of work creating new planks from scratch. External websites, emails, blogs, applications and open source tools can all be harnessed to benefit your platform.

Embracing Risk Is Safer

The Age of the Platform explores lessons of the platform business model. Phil Simon captures some important lessons of platform development and explains why they are relevant to small business owners.

Buoyed by the success of Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google, companies of all sizes are fundamentally rethinking how they do business. They are creating vibrant ecosystems, and in the process, reaping big rewards. In the tradition of The Long Tail, The Age of the Platform demonstrates how the world of business today is vastly different from that of even ten years ago. Today the most successful companies are operating under an entirely different business model– one predicated on collaboration, rapid development, emerging technologies, and externally driven innovation. The Age of the Platform introduces and describes a critical new business model, one essential to survive in today’s increasingly fragmented and dynamic economy.

books

Books

Buoyed by the success of Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google, thousands of companies of all sizes are fundamentally rethinking how they do business. They are creating vibrant ecosystems and, in the process, reaping big rewards. In the tradition of The Long Tail, The Age of the Platform demonstrates how the world of business today is vastly different from that of even ten years ago. Today, the most successful companies are operating under an entirely different business model-one predicated on collaboration, emerging technologies, externally driven innovation, different types of partnerships, and vibrant ecosystems. Rife with examples, The Age of the Platform is nothing less than essential reading to understand business today--and where it is going.

Phil Simon

The Age of the Platform

Combining knowledge of chemistry, physics, biology, and engineering, scientists from McGill University develop a biomaterial tough enough to repair the heart, muscles, and vocal cords, representing a major advance in regenerative medicine. The innovation also opens new avenues for other applications like drug delivery, tissue engineering, and the creation of model tissues for drug screening, the scientists say. The team is even looking to use the hydrogel technology to create lungs to test COVID-19 drugs.

New Synthetic Biomaterial For Wound- Repair.

Advance in age and advance in science are complementary to each other.

history

History

health

Health

scienceandnature

Science & Nature

New Synthetic Biomaterial Can Repair Hearts, Muscles, and Vocal Cords

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