Remote work can be costly or cost-saving, depending on how well-equipped you are to really support it.
<ul>
<li>When done right, assessing the appropriateness of remote work for all your employees and implementing the necessary changes will save money.</li>
<li>Savings will be primarily in overhead categories: rent, utilities, facility upkeep costs, in-person IT labor, satellite office networking costs, maintenance, property insurance, etc.</li>
<li>The point to aim for is where the investment will bear return. Setting up employees for remote work might initially be higher, but can be balanced out by not paying for expensive desk space.</li>
<li>Remote workers may enjoy more flexibility, which may translate into increased productivity.</li>
</ul>

Going all-in on remote work: benefits for businesses

Leadership

Teamwork

Businesses can categorize employees:
<ul>
<li>Location-independent. Knowledge workers are not dependent on location and don't need to be in an office. </li>
<li>Location-frequent. These people spend half their time in an office and half remote. They need an in-person base to use for coordination and physical meetings. These are often salespeople, marketing people, back-office services (IT, HR, finance), and creative jobs.</li>
<li>Mandatory in-office jobs. These involve specialized equipment that you can't put in an employee's home, such as manufacturing jobs.</li>
</ul>
Far more job functions can be done remotely if company leadership will accept it. But, remote work is not for everyone. Some jobs are tied to physical locations or equipment. Some people also do not want to work from home.

Defining roles for a remote work setting

In-office employees that transition to remote work need to be equipped. Spending recommendations are:
<ul>
<li>A one-time stipend to purchase some office furniture and other miscellaneous work equipment.</li>
<li>Basic ergonomic training.</li>
<li>The same class of laptop or workstation they'd get in the office.</li>
<li>A monthly stipend to offset some or all home broadband costs.</li>
<li>IT support costs.</li>
<li>Basic, yet complete tech loadout, such as laptop, secondary monitor, mouse, keyboard, wired earbuds, USB hub, chair that meets ergonomic needs.</li>
</ul>

Equipping remote workers

When an in-office worker moves to a remote role, it's very common for that worker to relocate. However, different states have different employment laws, and businesses are responsible for knowing and following these laws. Taxes are also not the same. Some cities require a percentage wage tax directly payable to the city. Hiring international employees may require a lot more paperwork.
But, hiring remotely can be a huge strength, knowing that you can appoint the perfect person regardless of where they live.

Location and paperwork in a remote setting

Corporate leadership must understand the need to make changes to the company culture that supports everyone.
<ul>
<li>Remote work means trusting employees and giving them more autonomy.</li>
<li>Trust does not mean ignorance. Leadership needs to establish clear goals and performance metrics that can be tracked objectively. Data-driven intelligence and project tracking are essential.</li>
<li>Onboarding a new batch of remote workers is challenging. You need firm onboarding procedures in place so everyone knows what tools are available and how to use them.</li>
</ul>

Changing the company culture

<ul>
<li>Employees should feel that they work at home rather than live in the office.</li>
<li>Encourage employees to use their calendar software to establish breaks.</li>
<li>Employees should know when they are "on" and "off." It's unfair to expect a remote employee to address a problem at 9 p.m.</li>
<li>Don't drop email bombs. Friday at 6 p.m. is not the time to announce major changes.</li>
</ul>

Remote work: working hours

<ul>
<li>Make work calendars visible to all.</li>
<li>Create regularly scheduled team check-ins.</li>
<li>When a meeting includes in-office and remote workers, do not treat the remote workers as an afterthought. Using one microphone for many people in a conference room, all talking at once will alienate the remote worker who will perceive it as indistinct loud noises.</li>
<li>When holding video meetings, not everyone will feel comfortable with cameras in their private space. Be accepting of green screens and/or avatars.</li>
</ul>

Meetings and scheduling in a remote setting

<ul>
<li>Bring your teams together once or twice a year.</li>
<li>Remote employees should check in with in-office people to keep up to date.</li>
<li>Encourage employees to connect in online conversations or hangouts.</li>
</ul>

Team building for remote companies

<figure><img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/remote-work-culture-800x450.jpg" alt="Artist's impression of working from home, three seconds before 10,000 important documents are deleted from your laptop by tiny hands." width="725" height="408"><figcaption class="caption" dir="ltr"><div class="caption-text" dir="ltr"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/remote-work-culture.jpg" class="enlarge-link" data-height="563" data-width="1000" dir="ltr">Enlarge</a> / Artist's impression of working from home, three seconds before 10,000 important documents are deleted from your laptop by tiny hands.</div><div class="caption-credit" dir="ltr">Aurich Lawson / Getty </div></figcaption></figure><UL><LI></LI></UL>Welcome to the fifth installment of our <a href="https://arstechnica.com/series/the-future-of-business/" dir="ltr">Future of Business</a> series. Over the last few weeks, we've talked about <a href="https://arstechnica.com/features/2020/08/work-from-home-01-ergo/" dir="ltr">home office ergonomics</a>, the challenges of <a href="https://arstechnica.com/features/2020/08/work-from-home-02-collaboration/" dir="ltr">collaborating with remote colleagues</a>, work strategies, and <a href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2020/08/work-from-home-03-the-office/" dir="ltr">the inevitable return to the office</a>. We've also asked Ars readers to weigh in on <a href="https://arstechnica.com/features/2020/08/ars-readers-take-on-the-present-and-future-of-work/" dir="ltr">what has been working for them as they work remotely</a>.We’ve left the most vital issue until now: what’s needed to embrace remote work in your company for the long haul. COVID-19 may have ushered in remote work for millions on a temporary basis, but what does remote work look like as a permanent feature of companies large and small? Our grand, improvised remote work experiment has taught us so much, there's simply no better time than now to adapt your business processes and culture to this new opportunity. Yes, it is an opportunity. But only if done well, and that means providing the appropriate resources for remote workers, as well as changing company culture from top to bottom.We not only think this is an opportunity but an inevitable necessity. For every business with leaders whose heads are stuck in the if-I-can't-see-you-you-ain't-working past, there will be forward-looking competitors who are changing now—and who will be willing to snap up your employees when backward policies drive them to quit. They’ll also be saving money and enjoying greater access to exceptional talent, as well.<h2>Upsides for businesses</h2>Remote work can be either costly or cost-saving, depending on how you approach it and how well-equipped you are to truly support it. When done right, properly assessing the appropriateness of remote work for all your employees, and then implementing the changes necessary, saves money. It's the old idea of "right-sizing," except instead of a saccharine euphemism for "firing excess people," the term in this context means targeting and shedding capital and operational expenditures that are only necessary if you're stuffing all your people into an office.<figure><img alt="These people aren't being laid off—I choose to believe they're moving their offices home for remote work." src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/GettyImages-98060759-640x307.jpg" width="640" height="307" srcset="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/GettyImages-98060759-1280x615.jpg 2x"><figcaption class="caption" dir="ltr"><div class="caption-text" dir="ltr"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/GettyImages-98060759.jpg" class="enlarge-link" data-height="960" data-width="1999" dir="ltr">Enlarge</a> / These people aren't being laid off—I choose to believe they're moving their offices home for remote work.</div><div class="caption-credit" dir="ltr">CEF/Martin Barraud/OJO Images Ltd / Getty</div></figcaption></figure>Right-sizing your business here means near-term investments in technology to enable remote work where it makes sense to do so (and we'll talk about those investments in a bit), while reducing or eliminating the spending necessary to support an office full of people. These kinds of savings are going to be realized primarily in overhead categories—rent or mortgage, utilities, facility upkeep costs, in-person IT touch labor, satellite office networking costs, maintenance, property insurance, and any other cost associated with the creating and maintaining of a large physical office where people are required to go. Savings can also be realized by employees, who might find real value in regaining their commute time or may choose to live somewhere more affordable. More on that in a bit.The inflection point you're trying to aim at is that place at which the expense of a transition to a right-sized remote workforce creates savings—the point at which the investment actually bears returns. It might cost a little more in the near term to, say, kick every employee a stipend to offset their own home office setup expenses. But many of these costs are incurred regardless: is it unwise to outfit your workers with the tech they need at home to do their jobs? No, not if you were doing so on office premises before. Such expenses might be more than balanced out by the savings of not having to pay for expensive desk space in a rented office; make enough people remote and you can rent or buy smaller offices and cut capital spending.Remote work isn't only about the company saving money, however. Remote workers typically enjoy more freedom and flexibility, and for many, this translates to increased productivity and engagement. Cultural changes must accompany any transition to remote work, and so we will discuss briefly how identifying remote opportunities, and adjusting culture, can work.<h2>Defining roles</h2>Remote work isn't for everyone. Some people do not want to work from home, regardless of their job function. Others may want to work from home, but their job is such that they have to be present. Ars Technica has <a href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2020/01/no-office-no-problem-how-ars-technicas-remote-workers-work/" dir="ltr">always been a work-from-home shop</a>, but 2020 has forced many of our friends at the Condé Nast mothership into remote-work situations, too. Some employees love it, some hate it. What is undeniable, however, is that far more job functions can be done remotely if company leadership will accept it. Certainly, some jobs are tied to physical locations or to equipment or processes that cannot leave the office (or the plant, or wherever you might work). And some folks actually are more productive in the social stew of the modern office, where policies and decisions sometimes arise from informal hallway conversations.Broadly, then, businesses intending to make long-term work location changes can start getting their hands around the changes by first having an honest go at categorizing employees by whether they can or should work fully remotely, partially remotely, or fully in-office.<figure><img alt="This job is probably not one you can do from home, unless your home is very awesome or very scary." src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/GettyImages-1175270464-640x427.jpg" width="640" height="427" srcset="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/GettyImages-1175270464-1280x853.jpg 2x"><figcaption class="caption" dir="ltr"><div class="caption-text" dir="ltr"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/GettyImages-1175270464.jpg" class="enlarge-link" data-height="1414" data-width="2121" dir="ltr">Enlarge</a> / This job is probably not one you can do from home, unless your home is very awesome or very scary.</div><div class="caption-credit" dir="ltr">Morsa Images / Getty</div></figcaption></figure>You make these choices simply: some jobs are simply location-independent. (My job is a good example—I can do Zoom calls with ad sales and edit stories from anywhere with an Internet connection and a webcam.) The majority of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_worker" dir="ltr">knowledge workers</a> fall into this category. It's ludicrous to pretend that an employee whose primary job output consists of emails and Sharepoint documents and phone calls needs to be in an office.Other positions are what I'd call "location-frequent." These are folks who spend perhaps up to half their time in an office and half remote. These most often are salespeople, marketing folks, back-office services (IT, HR, finance), many creative jobs, and others who aren't really tied to physical locations but who may benefit from having an in-person "home base" to use for coordination and physical meetings.And then there are mandatory in-office jobs. Many of these are obvious—manufacturing jobs, for example, or media production teams running studios and large edit bays, or really anything involving specialty equipment that you can't put in an employee's home. Some things simply require an office (or a laboratory, or a production line). This will obviously vary by company and job function, but you can already see that it's unlikely that any large business can go 100 percent either way. The question then becomes who needs to do what, where they need to do it, and with what equipment.(What follows are ideal recommendations. Achieving all of this may not be possible out of the gate. In this economic environment, increasing costs may not be an option for your organization, so be sure to consider which costs might be offset by savings elsewhere.)<h2>Equipping the squad</h2>Categorizing your employees is the first step to assessing the shape of your business in the remote world; the next is to hammer out your remote employees' costs. Often this means trading one set of in-office expenses for a different set of out-of-office expenses, but there can be a cascade of savings as more employees go remote and fewer physical overhead costs are incurred. The trick here, of course, is to not end up with a large number of "location-frequent" employees that you are supporting in two places—at home and at an office.When your current in-office employees transition to remote work, they need to be equipped. Individuals who were not originally hired for remote work opportunities likely lack the resources they need to work well from home. The smart move is to establish remote employee spending recommendations that meet your employee's needs while remaining affordable for your business. We see the following as ideal when transitioning in-office people to remote work:<UL><LI>A one-time stipend to purchase some office furniture and other miscellaneous work equipment. It's not realistic to expect people to work from their kitchen tables.</LI><LI>Basic ergonomic training.</LI><LI>The same class of laptop or workstation that they'd get in the office. Multiple monitors should be given when appropriate—this is 2020 and one laptop screen often isn't enough.</LI><LI>A monthly stipend to offset some or all home broadband costs.</LI><LI>Planning for costs associated with remote IT support. What this cost is, and how much IT reorganization remote support might require, will vary by company.</LI></UL>I didn't mention smartphone expenses in that list, and the reason is that those expenses shouldn't really change—if you currently issue a company smartphone to an employee or pay a stipend to offset an employee's smartphone bill, keep doing those things. If you don't, don't. (If an employee needs their personal smartphone to work remotely, then consider issuing them a company device, because if they truly need it, you should be providing it.)<BLOCKQUOTE><div>There's no reason to make your equipment management processes a nightmare by tracking everything out the&nbsp;wazoo.</div></BLOCKQUOTE>Additionally, it is necessary to anticipate reasonable accommodation for special workplace requests, including helping employees create a working environment around any specific medical needs they may have. This isn't just a compassionate and good idea—<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act_of_1990" dir="ltr">it's the law</a>.And keep in mind that there's no reason to make your equipment management processes a nightmare by tracking everything out the wazoo. As you can see, our recommendations for an ideal remote work loadout identify things that the company should provide, but not track (and will not want back if someone leaves). A basic yet complete tech loadout would look something like this for most knowledge workers:<UL><LI>Laptop computers are ideal for remote workers because they travel well, to the office or to Panera</LI><LI>A secondary monitor for laptop users is a must-have</LI><LI>Full-size keyboard (small asset, no need to track)</LI><LI>Mouse or trackpad (small asset, no need to track)</LI><LI>USB hub (small asset, no need to track)</LI><LI>Wired earbuds (small asset, no need to track)</LI><LI>A chair that meets basic ergonomic needs</LI></UL>Many employees may have additional needs, such as a printer, a smartphone, a desk phone, or other office-y type equipment. These should also be provided if they're needed.<figure><img alt="Your humble author's work-from-home setup, now with standing desk. (Though I paid for the desk and the computer and the monitors out of my own pocket, because I am an angry old IT guy and I make my own technology choices.)" src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/IMG_1504-640x480.jpg" width="640" height="480" srcset="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/IMG_1504-1280x960.jpg 2x"><figcaption class="caption" dir="ltr"><div class="caption-text" dir="ltr"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/IMG_1504.jpg" class="enlarge-link" data-height="2922" data-width="3896" dir="ltr">Enlarge</a> / Your humble author's work-from-home setup, now with standing desk. (Though I paid for the desk and the computer and the monitors out of my own pocket, because I am an angry old IT guy and I make my own technology choices.)</div><div class="caption-credit" dir="ltr">Lee Hutchinson</div></figcaption></figure><h2>Location, location, location</h2>Another issue to anticipate is relocation. When moving an in-office worker to a remote role, it's extremely common for that worker to move. The sudden realization of freedom can mean many things: "Now I can be closer to my family," or "Good grief I don't need to pay this Manhattan rent anymore." If a worker can be truly remote, where they live shouldn't matter. However, there is a caveat to that—different states have different laws about employment, and businesses are responsible for knowing and following every single one of them. For example, many companies don't allow unused vacation days to roll over from year to year, but some states mandate rollover regardless of corporate policy. You can approach this by either having different rules for different employees or by adapting corporate rules to be "most-permissive"—to set up blanket policies that work for every state's laws. (IT folks in the audience might recognize an analog here in having to reconcile file-level permissions with share-level permissions on a network file store—you can spend a stupid amount of time working out edge cases, or you can attack the problem broadly.)There's also the added accounting nightmare of taxes. States all have different rules, but it can be far more granular than that, especially on the East Coast. Employers who have workers in Philadelphia, for example, must pay <a href="https://www.phila.gov/services/payments-assistance-taxes/business-taxes/wage-tax-employers/" dir="ltr">a 3-ish percent wage tax</a> directly to the city. Suburban dwellers might owe an additional tax. By having people work from home, you may be exposing your company or even the employees to higher tax liabilities—or, you might be saving them money. Your accounting group (or your outsourced accounting firm) must be aware of these issues because getting them wrong can mean fines.Yet, you can't ignore the upsides to being able to work with people nearly anywhere. Casting one's eyes out a little further into the remote-work future, incorporating remote work as a core component of your company's hiring strategy blows away barriers that constrain location-bound businesses. Suddenly, you can recruit not just regionally, but across the entire country—even globally (though hiring international employees requires a lot more paperwork). This can be a huge strength when the perfect woman for the job moved to Michigan's Upper Peninsula years ago and has no desire to move back to San Francisco.Our own Senior Space Editor Eric Berger is a great example of hiring the correct person for the job regardless of where they are. Berger lives in Houston, Texas, and while saying "I live in Houston!" is a great way to make a West- or East-Coast hiring manager immediately hang up the phone, it also puts him at precisely the right place to, say, <a href="https://arstechnica.com/features/2020/05/the-numbers-dont-lie-nasas-move-to-commercial-space-has-saved-money/" dir="ltr">interview space people</a> and <a href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2016/01/inside-the-vault-a-rare-glimpse-of-nasas-otherworldly-treasures/" dir="ltr">peek at Moon rocks</a>. I feel this point personally, too, because I also live in Houston, and it's not exactly a hiring hotspot for media companies like Condé Nast.

The new way of work requires a new way of managing, whether you like it or not.

Career

Welcome to the fifth installment of our <a dir="ltr" href="https://arstechnica.com/series/the-future-of-business/">Future of Business </a>series. Over the last few weeks, we've talked about <a dir="ltr" href="https://arstechnica.com/features/2020/08/work-from-home-01-ergo/">home office ergonomics </a>, the challenges of <a dir="ltr" href="https://arstechnica.com/features/2020/08/work-from-home-02-collaboration/">collaborating with remote colleagues </a>, work strategies, and <a dir="ltr" href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2020/08/work-from-home-03-the-office/">the inevitable return to the office </a>. We've also asked Ars readers to weigh in on <a dir="ltr" href="https://arstechnica.com/features/2020/08/ars-readers-take-on-the-present-and-future-of-work/">what has been working for them as they work remotely </a>.

We’ve left the most vital issue until now: what’s needed to embrace remote work in your company for the long haul. COVID-19 may have ushered in remote work for millions on a temporary basis, but what does remote work look like as a permanent feature of companies large and small? Our grand, improvised remote work experiment has taught us so much, there's simply no better time than now to adapt your business processes and culture to this new opportunity. Yes, it is an opportunity. But only if done well, and that means providing the appropriate resources for remote workers, as well as changing company culture from top to bottom.

We not only think this is an opportunity but an inevitable necessity. For every business with leaders whose heads are stuck in the if-I-can't-see-you-you-ain't-working past, there will be forward-looking competitors who are changing now—and who will be willing to snap up your employees when backward policies drive them to quit. They’ll also be saving money and enjoying greater access to exceptional talent, as well.

Remote work can be either costly or cost-saving, depending on how you approach it and how well-equipped you are to truly support it. When done right, properly assessing the appropriateness of remote work for all your employees, and then implementing the changes necessary, saves money. It's the old idea of "right-sizing," except instead of a saccharine euphemism for "firing excess people," the term in this context means targeting and shedding capital and operational expenditures that are only necessary if you're stuffing all your people into an office.

Right-sizing your business here means near-term investments in technology to enable remote work where it makes sense to do so (and we'll talk about those investments in a bit), while reducing or eliminating the spending necessary to support an office full of people. These kinds of savings are going to be realized primarily in overhead categories—rent or mortgage, utilities, facility upkeep costs, in-person IT touch labor, satellite office networking costs, maintenance, property insurance, and any other cost associated with the creating and maintaining of a large physical office where people are required to go. Savings can also be realized by employees, who might find real value in regaining their commute time or may choose to live somewhere more affordable. More on that in a bit.

The inflection point you're trying to aim at is that place at which the expense of a transition to a right-sized remote workforce creates savings—the point at which the investment actually bears returns. It might cost a little more in the near term to, say, kick every employee a stipend to offset their own home office setup expenses. But many of these costs are incurred regardless: is it unwise to outfit your workers with the tech they need at home to do their jobs? No, not if you were doing so on office premises before. Such expenses might be more than balanced out by the savings of not having to pay for expensive desk space in a rented office; make enough people remote and you can rent or buy smaller offices and cut capital spending.

Remote work isn't only about the company saving money, however. Remote workers typically enjoy more freedom and flexibility, and for many, this translates to increased productivity and engagement. Cultural changes must accompany any transition to remote work, and so we will discuss briefly how identifying remote opportunities, and adjusting culture, can work.

Remote work isn't for everyone. Some people do not want to work from home, regardless of their job function. Others may want to work from home, but their job is such that they have to be present. Ars Technica has <a dir="ltr" href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2020/01/no-office-no-problem-how-ars-technicas-remote-workers-work/">always been a work-from-home shop </a>, but 2020 has forced many of our friends at the Condé Nast mothership into remote-work situations, too. Some employees love it, some hate it. What is undeniable, however, is that far more job functions can be done remotely if company leadership will accept it. Certainly, some jobs are tied to physical locations or to equipment or processes that cannot leave the office (or the plant, or wherever you might work). And some folks actually are more productive in the social stew of the modern office, where policies and decisions sometimes arise from informal hallway conversations.

Broadly, then, businesses intending to make long-term work location changes can start getting their hands around the changes by first having an honest go at categorizing employees by whether they can or should work fully remotely, partially remotely, or fully in-office.

You make these choices simply: some jobs are simply location-independent. (My job is a good example—I can do Zoom calls with ad sales and edit stories from anywhere with an Internet connection and a webcam.) The majority of <a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_worker">knowledge workers </a>fall into this category. It's ludicrous to pretend that an employee whose primary job output consists of emails and Sharepoint documents and phone calls needs to be in an office.

Other positions are what I'd call "location-frequent." These are folks who spend perhaps up to half their time in an office and half remote. These most often are salespeople, marketing folks, back-office services (IT, HR, finance), many creative jobs, and others who aren't really tied to physical locations but who may benefit from having an in-person "home base" to use for coordination and physical meetings.

And then there are mandatory in-office jobs. Many of these are obvious—manufacturing jobs, for example, or media production teams running studios and large edit bays, or really anything involving specialty equipment that you can't put in an employee's home. Some things simply require an office (or a laboratory, or a production line). This will obviously vary by company and job function, but you can already see that it's unlikely that any large business can go 100 percent either way. The question then becomes who needs to do what , where they need to do it, and with what equipment .

(What follows are ideal recommendations. Achieving all of this may not be possible out of the gate. In this economic environment, increasing costs may not be an option for your organization, so be sure to consider which costs might be offset by savings elsewhere.)

Categorizing your employees is the first step to assessing the shape of your business in the remote world; the next is to hammer out your remote employees' costs. Often this means trading one set of in-office expenses for a different set of out-of-office expenses, but there can be a cascade of savings as more employees go remote and fewer physical overhead costs are incurred. The trick here, of course, is to not end up with a large number of "location-frequent" employees that you are supporting in two places—at home and at an office.

When your current in-office employees transition to remote work, they need to be equipped. Individuals who were not originally hired for remote work opportunities likely lack the resources they need to work well from home. The smart move is to establish remote employee spending recommendations that meet your employee's needs while remaining affordable for your business. We see the following as ideal when transitioning in-office people to remote work:

<ul><li>A one-time stipend to purchase some office furniture and other miscellaneous work equipment. It's not realistic to expect people to work from their kitchen tables. </li><li>Basic ergonomic training. </li><li>The same class of laptop or workstation that they'd get in the office. Multiple monitors should be given when appropriate—this is 2020 and one laptop screen often isn't enough. </li><li>A monthly stipend to offset some or all home broadband costs. </li><li>Planning for costs associated with remote IT support. What this cost is, and how much IT reorganization remote support might require, will vary by company. </li> </ul>

I didn't mention smartphone expenses in that list, and the reason is that those expenses shouldn't really change—if you currently issue a company smartphone to an employee or pay a stipend to offset an employee's smartphone bill, keep doing those things. If you don't, don't. (If an employee needs their personal smartphone to work remotely, then consider issuing them a company device, because if they truly need it, you should be providing it.)

Additionally, it is necessary to anticipate reasonable accommodation for special workplace requests, including helping employees create a working environment around any specific medical needs they may have. This isn't just a compassionate and good idea—<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act_of_1990">it's the law </a>.

And keep in mind that there's no reason to make your equipment management processes a nightmare by tracking everything out the wazoo. As you can see, our recommendations for an ideal remote work loadout identify things that the company should provide, but not track (and will not want back if someone leaves). A basic yet complete tech loadout would look something like this for most knowledge workers:

<ul><li>Laptop computers are ideal for remote workers because they travel well, to the office or to Panera </li><li>A secondary monitor for laptop users is a must-have </li><li>Full-size keyboard (small asset, no need to track) </li><li>Mouse or trackpad (small asset, no need to track) </li><li>USB hub (small asset, no need to track) </li><li>Wired earbuds (small asset, no need to track) </li><li>A chair that meets basic ergonomic needs </li> </ul>

Many employees may have additional needs, such as a printer, a smartphone, a desk phone, or other office-y type equipment. These should also be provided if they're needed.

Another issue to anticipate is relocation. When moving an in-office worker to a remote role, it's extremely common for that worker to move. The sudden realization of freedom can mean many things: "Now I can be closer to my family," or "Good grief I don't need to pay this Manhattan rent anymore." If a worker can be truly remote, where they live shouldn't matter. However, there is a caveat to that—different states have different laws about employment, and businesses are responsible for knowing and following every single one of them. For example, many companies don't allow unused vacation days to roll over from year to year, but some states mandate rollover regardless of corporate policy. You can approach this by either having different rules for different employees or by adapting corporate rules to be "most-permissive"—to set up blanket policies that work for every state's laws. (IT folks in the audience might recognize an analog here in having to reconcile file-level permissions with share-level permissions on a network file store—you can spend a stupid amount of time working out edge cases, or you can attack the problem broadly.)

There's also the added accounting nightmare of taxes. States all have different rules, but it can be far more granular than that, especially on the East Coast. Employers who have workers in Philadelphia, for example, must pay <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.phila.gov/services/payments-assistance-taxes/business-taxes/wage-tax-employers/">a 3-ish percent wage tax </a>directly to the city. Suburban dwellers might owe an additional tax. By having people work from home, you may be exposing your company or even the employees to higher tax liabilities—or, you might be saving them money. Your accounting group (or your outsourced accounting firm) must be aware of these issues because getting them wrong can mean fines.

Yet, you can't ignore the upsides to being able to work with people nearly anywhere. Casting one's eyes out a little further into the remote-work future, incorporating remote work as a core component of your company's hiring strategy blows away barriers that constrain location-bound businesses. Suddenly, you can recruit not just regionally, but across the entire country—even globally (though hiring international employees requires a lot more paperwork). This can be a huge strength when the perfect woman for the job moved to Michigan's Upper Peninsula years ago and has no desire to move back to San Francisco.

Our own Senior Space Editor Eric Berger is a great example of hiring the correct person for the job regardless of where they are. Berger lives in Houston, Texas, and while saying "I live in Houston!" is a great way to make a West- or East-Coast hiring manager immediately hang up the phone, it also puts him at precisely the right place to, say, <a dir="ltr" href="https://arstechnica.com/features/2020/05/the-numbers-dont-lie-nasas-move-to-commercial-space-has-saved-money/">interview space people </a>and <a dir="ltr" href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2016/01/inside-the-vault-a-rare-glimpse-of-nasas-otherworldly-treasures/">peek at Moon rocks </a>. I feel this point personally, too, because I also live in Houston, and it's not exactly a hiring hotspot for media companies like Condé Nast.

Bite‑sized knowledge
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Going all-in on remote work: The technical and cultural changes

Going all-in on remote work: benefits for businesses

Defining roles for a remote work setting

Equipping remote workers

Location and paperwork in a remote setting

Changing the company culture

Remote work: working hours

Meetings and scheduling in a remote setting

Team building for remote companies

We Work Remotely | Learn more about the History of Remote Work and where it's going!

Why Remote Work Thrives in Some Companies and Fails in Others

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Bite‑sized knowledgeto upgradeyour career

Going all-in on remote work: The technical and cultural changes

Going all-in on remote work: benefits for businesses

Defining roles for a remote work setting

Equipping remote workers

Location and paperwork in a remote setting

Changing the company culture

Remote work: working hours

Meetings and scheduling in a remote setting

Team building for remote companies

We Work Remotely | Learn more about the History of Remote Work and where it's going!

Why Remote Work Thrives in Some Companies and Fails in Others

6 Ways Companies Can Help Their Employees Overcome Burnout In A Distributed World

Bite‑sized knowledge
to upgrade
your career