Jōshō precisely defines three concepts key to understand the fundamentals of the ture teachings on Samsara:<ul><li>Being</li><li>Karma</li><li>Rebirth</li></ul>

General Explanations of "Being", "Karma" and "Rebirth"

Defined as "set of elements brought together at a given time".But... Which set of elements?<ul><li>Ideas</li><li>Sensations</li><li>Feelings</li><li>Thoughts</li><li>And more...</li></ul>

Self

Besides its definition, Self has its own characteristics.Self is characterised by dynamism. This is called the "no-ego doctrine".Let's exemplify this dynamism:<ul><li>Look back to to when you were 3 years old and remember how you acted, what were your thoughts...</li><li>Now take look to your actual Self and realize how those ways of acting and thinking have changed.</li></ul>See? This is what dynamism of Self is about.

Essential Characteristic of Self

This dynamism/movement is fueled by Desire and Craving.Our desires and cravings shape our personal history and generate karma.

What causes the movement of this whole?

Karma is the Cause and Effect Law.The term "karma" comes from the Sanskrit word "karman" which means to act with thoughts, deeds and words.In conclusion, there are 3 types of karma:<ul><li>Of thought</li><li>Of word</li><li>Of action/body</li></ul>

What's Karma

"All that we think, talk or do will affect our personal history"

"A man in his daily life dies and is permanently reborn, according to the changes, tendencies and desires that occur in his mental flow and physical body"

Karma lasts forever and determines our birth in another life.Now we have reached Rebirth.At the moment of death, our personal karma determines the form and vehicle, the body that the mindstream will have in the next birth.

Rebirth

"Neither in heaven, nor in the midst of the ocean, nor in the caves of the mountains: there is no place in this world where you can hide from the consequences of your deeds"

Karma teaches us that we're fully responsible of what we are and what we'll become.We deserve what happens to us even if it is difficult to accept.

Conclusion

The shown ideas are a first insight to the book on its first pages, each of them with more lessons than the previous one. Chapter 1 - Part 1: General explanations of "being", "karma" and "rebirth".

The Dharma is the supreme medicine given by the Buddha, the supreme Doctor, and in receiving it we must have the attitude of humble patients whose health and salvation depend totally upon the Doctor's prescription and proper administration of the medicine. If we are priests or teachers we simply cannot be careless with people's salvation from birth and death, just like a good pharmacist does not give poison to those who come to him looking for the medicine prescribed by their doctor.As long as we ourselves are not Doctors (Enlighted beings/Buddhas) we should also not change the Medicine (the Dharma), but instead act as the good pharmacist and give to others exactly what the Doctor has prescribed. Trully, Amida Dharma is not our property and in dealing with it, we should act only as transmitters, not creators of the teaching. This is exactly what I am trying to do in this book - to show the true teaching about Amida Buddha and His Pure Land, while also counteracting some of the most spread wrong views of our time.

philosophy

Philosophy

books

Books

Jōshō Adrian Cîrlea

The True Teaching on Amida Buddha and His Pure Land

There is a growing emphasis on social responsibility. Several recent studies found that consumers are less likely to buy from brands they believe are unethical and more likely to consider organisational values in their purchasing decisions.

Consumers support ethical brands

Organisations that establish a code of conduct but don't provide ethics training are unlikely to see much behavioural change. Advantages of ethics training for employees:<ul><li>Trust and enhanced teamwork among employees  </li><li>A stronger, organization-wide sense of responsibility for dealing fairly with customers, suppliers, and service providers </li><li>A positive organizational culture with enhanced employee morale</li><li>Loyalty from consumers who value and reward ethical business practices</li><li>A better brand reputation and the avoidance of costly scandals or litigation </li></ul>

Ethics is about making integrity-based decisions

<ul><li>Unethical behaviour can have a real financial impact on an organisation. More than half of the largest corporate bankruptcies were the result of unethical business practices.</li><li>Having a reputation of unethical business practices can hinder an organisation to attract and retain talent.</li><li>82% of professionals say they'd take a lower-paying job to work for an organization with more ethical business practices.</li></ul>

Unethical behaviour has a financial impacts

Organizational ethics involves making individual and group decisions within the boundaries of organizational values and guidelines. Ethics training typically covers the following topics:<ul><li>The organization’s code of conduct and cultural values</li><li>Common ethical dilemmas</li><li>The ethics of customer relations</li><li>Diversity training topics</li><li>Data privacy and protection </li><li>Regulatory and compliance requirements</li><li>Ethical employment practices</li></ul>

Developing ethics training for employees

Ethics must first be fostered by leaders. Ethics training can help leaders become more open-minded and receptive to employees' concerns. It can train them to:<ul><li>Lead in a way that shows trust and models accountability</li><li>Foster a culture of integrity and ethical conduct</li><li>Communicate the company's values</li><li>Notice the signs of a toxic workplace, such as bullying and harassment  </li></ul>

Ethics training best practices

Offering ethics training for employees at all levels helps them develop the capacity to assess a situation and act with integrity.

corporateculture

Corporate Culture

education

Learning & Education

How to develop effective ethics training for employees

How can something be absolute, in the case that relatively is only a point of view, and state of being is absolute?Issue:fluorescent light patterns that tend to be contrasting can cause photosensitive epilepsy, while for some people, fluorescent light creates a festive mood that doesn’t cause any disturbing symptoms.

Relatively or Absolutely?

Example:This is relative, where a situation has a good impact or it can also have a bad impact, so it is not absolutely true?<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">So, the luminescence pattern brings good (joy)?</li><li class="ql-align-justify">So, the luminescence pattern brings badness? ️</li></ul>Which one is correct? Relatively? Or not!

The Same Cause, Different Effects

The pattern of luminescence has a negative impact on certain people in certain circumstances which are very different from other people’s circumstances. This is absolute!When it is said that the pattern of luminescence has a different impact, it does not have a bad effect, it has a good effect on the others, this does not indicate a relative symptom of truth. Stay consistent - absolute.

Consistency

The cause and effect remain consistent, but commonly known for the same cause with different results. But actually, the same cause gives the same effect. Why? Again, due to the weakness (narrowly, inaccurate perception of) our point of view.Supposely our observations were accurate, then different effects (some had epilepsy, some didn’t) actually came from different cause.

Inaccurate Perception

Indeed we saw the same cause (the pattern of luminescence), but actually there were other things as the hidden (unknown) causes gave tangible effect, so that the results will be different.<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">the 1st person who pokes the ball from a certain direction, then a ball will bounce in a certain direction,</li><li class="ql-align-justify">but why the 2nd person who pokes the ball from the same direction as the 1st player will bounce the ball in a different direction?</li></ul>

Factor X - The Unknown Cause

If this bouncing ball was repeated many times in the same direction, absolutely the ball will bounce the same direction, it couldn’t be different! Then where is the relatively? It’s because, we couldn’t see the detail accurately, so we didn’t understand that there were other situations from different 1st & 2nd people that affect the way we hitted the ball at the same direction, so the results were different.

The Same Causes, Same Effects

But even my circumstances changing and won’t be the same from time to time, so indeed two effects are never found to be the same so it is also true that no equal effect comes from different causes.

The Different Cause, Different Effects

If the 1st person & 2nd person have perfect equality of conditions, then the result of the reflection will be at the same directionLogically, it can be assumed that if the 1st & 2nd person are perfectly identical, then it’s just the same pointing to one of both and the result will absolutely be the same.A simple example: when I did this, the result would be the same, when you did it, the result will be different. However, when your work was done by me, yes, of course, that was the result that characterizes me.

Absolute Truth

ABSOLUTE TRUTHTruth Is Absolute… How can something be absolute, in the case that relatively is only a point of view, and state of being is absolute? Issue: fluorescent light patterns that tend to be...

ABSOLUTE TRUTH

True or false is due to comparison, while relative is due to different points of view

How do we see in between right or wrong and relatively true or relatively false?Simply put, absolutely having no choice, being in one condition. On the contrary, relatively means being in a different state among several possibilities.

Absolute & Relatively

What is wrong or right depending on comparison but having no relation to “relatively”. So, being under certain quality (condition) is not necessarily right or wrong. We didn’t see the right or wrong of our circumstances.The right or wrong of our situation occurs after we see the unworthiness of our situation compared to other circumstances.

True or False

Hard obstacle or easy living just relatively a way of life, a life style. One sided relatively unique style, on the other side relatively an adventure.These qualities (hard, soft, firm, loving and others) can be relative states and those don’t mean as bad or good things. It just relatively different sight seeing of situation. But when those qualities being compared, the quality has a new attribute, worthy or not worthy.In a short, it’s relatively different qualities to a different perception, but it’s true or false since it’s worthy or unworthy

Quality

And what does relative true mean? it is a different degree of truth or true state, so that relative true cannot jump to falsehood, but it is still within the limits of true.Relatively true means that it is still within the limits of eligibility, and relatively wrong means less eligible.So “relatively” itself shows the degree of perfection of our perception of the diversity of qualitiesWhereas associating “relatively” with the feasibility then it shows degree of trueness or wrongness.

Relatively True

Relatively is degree of acceptance, degree of nuance. It’s the intensity or degree of perfection. How far you can see the world, in any sense of seeing.While true or false is degree of benefit, profit or loss.If you can see anything as is but other people may see differently. You saw things clearer than the other. It’s just quality of our perception.

Even more simpler ...

It’s red, strong red, less red. It’s good, less good. It’s less true, trueness. It’s less wrong, exactly wrong. It’s really bad, less bad. Relatively bad.Relatively True doesn’t mean it’s False. It’s just less true but it’s not falseRelatively Bad doesn’t mean it’s True. It’s just less bad but it’s not trueBeing bad then it’s relatively bad. Being good then it’s relatively good

Examples for Relatively

When someone said: it’s good for me, but it’s relatively different to you. It doesn’t mean there are good & bad, but only degree of goodness (less good)Saying it’s good for me but for you it’s relatively bad. It has to be considered that there were relatively good & relatively bad.

Less True & Less False

Axiom: Truth

The metaphor of the archer features in Cicero’s De Finibus Bonorum Et Malorum (On the Ends of Good and Evil), a Socratic dialogue dedicated to Brutus, murderer of Caesar, in which Cicero, through a number of mouthpieces, expounds and critiques the central tenets of the three main philosophies of his day: Stoicism, Epicureanism, and a version of Platonism.Cicero puts the metaphor of the Stoic archer in the mouth of his contemporary and ally, the Stoic statesman Cato the Younger (although it is, in fact, older than both of these men).

On The Ends Of Good And Evil

“Take the case of one whose task it is to shoot a spear or arrow straight at some target. One’s ultimate aim is to do all in one’s power to shoot straight, and the same applies with our ultimate goal. In this kind of example, it is to shoot straight that one must do all one can; none the less, it is to do all one can to accomplish the task that is really the ultimate aim. It is just the same with what we call the supreme good in life. To actually hit the target is, as we say, to be selected but not sought. (On the Ends of Good and Evil, III, 22)

The Metaphor Of The Archer

The metaphor of the archer encapsulates the essence of Stoic action. The archer does everything he can to shoot accurately: his bow is well strung, his arrows are carefully calibrated, and he has taken full account of the prevailing wind and other variables.Even so, the arrow may not hit the bullseye, or even the target. As soon as it leaves him, the arrow, and with it the success of his action, is no longer within the control of the archer, but subject to outside forces such as a sudden change in wind speed or direction.

The Arrow, The Archer And The “Externals”

Similarly, having decided upon the optimal course of action, the good Stoic carries it out to the best of his/ her ability. But whether the enterprise is ultimately successful is subject to unpredictable and uncontrollable external factors (or “externals,” as the Stoics called them). Thus, the good Stoic bases her self-worth and happiness not on the success of her actions, but on their correctness.

Correctness And Success Or, Intention And Outcome

The wise person considers intention, rather than outcome, in every situation. The beginnings are in our power; the results are judged by fortune, to which I grant no jurisdiction over myself… Death at the hands of a robber is not a condemnation.

Chance, says Seneca, has a great deal of power in our lives, “necessarily so, since it is by chance that we are alive.” When it comes to things over which we do not have complete control, we should play our part, we should do our best, like the Stoic archer, but we should not fret over the outcome—which, if we have done our best, is no reflection on us.

Outcome Does Not Reflect Intention

Thus, we should seek to be loveable, not to be loved, because the one is within our control whereas the other is not. Or, we should seek to write well, not to become a bestselling author, because the one is within our control whereas the other is not.So long as we focus on the things that are within our control, we will be calm and happy. But if we start concerning ourselves with things that are outside our control, we will become anxious and angry and miserable, and all on false grounds.

We Should Seek To Control What’s Within Our Control

An archer can shoot as accurately as possible and still miss his or her target. But this is no reflection on the archer. This is not quite saying that we must do our best, but that our best is the most that we can do—and is therefore all we need concern ourselves with.

What we can learn from Stoicism's most striking image.

personaldevelopment

Personal Development

mindfulness

Mindfulness

The Metaphor of the Stoic Archer: We Must Do All That We Can; And That Is All We Can Do

Over the past decade, and especially since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, more and more Americans have reoriented their lives in accordance with Stoicism. Stoicism sought what the Greeks called eudaimonia: wellness of being, or ‘the good life’.  The Stoics taught that, by practising their set of exercises, practitioners could learn to see the world from a universal perspective, understand their place in it, and freely and dispassionately assent to carry out the duties imposed upon them by fate.

The Resurgence Of Stoicism

Stoic happiness comes from wisdom, justice, courage and moderation – all states of the individual soul or psyche, and therefore under our control. Everything else is neither good, nor bad. While these beliefs about daily life rested on a foundation of physical and metaphysical theory, the attraction of Stoicism was, and is, in the therapeutic element of its exercises: cognitive behavioural therapy, or Buddhism, for guys in togas.

A Fake Sense Of Happiness

Despite the benefits of Stoic spiritual exercise, you should not become a stoic. Stoic exercises, and the wise sayings that can be so appealing in moments of trouble, conceal a pernicious philosophy.Stoicism may seem a solution to many of our individual problems, but a society that is run by stoics, or filled with stoics, is a worse society for us to live in. While the stoic individual may feel less pain, that is because they have become dulled to, and accept, the injustices of the world.

The Problem With Stoicism

Stoicism responds to real injustices such as slavery by pointing out that we are all at least metaphorically enslaved. In doing so, it elides and occludes the real horrors of a slave society – or of our own wildly <a href="https://aeon.co/essays/are-the-persian-gulf-city-states-slave-societies">unequal</a> world.The world stands in the middle of a pandemic, a climate crisis, and, in many countries, our own crises of (at least quasi-) democratic self-governance. It may be tempting to embrace a philosophy that counsels us not to be sad, not to mourn the things we’ve lost, to accept all that happens as fate, and to do our duty even as the world crumbles around us.

Stoicism Makes Us Powerless

We should mourn our families when bad things happen to them, our cities when they are threatened, our houses when they burn or flood. It is <a href="https://psyche.co/ideas/seeing-grieving-as-learning-explains-why-the-process-takes-time">not easy</a> to feel grief, and it is tempting to seek out <a href="https://aeon.co/essays/why-stoicism-is-one-of-the-best-mind-hacks-ever-devised">exercises</a> to suppress it. But to look around the world and feel the pain of injustice, to understand and wallow in the hurt of the natural world – this is not a sign of weakness. It is a sign of humanity, and the first step towards taking action. Because if you accept your fate joyfully, as a Stoic sage should, you’ll never try to change it.

Beyond Stoicism: Action

Stoicism might help you as an individual. But we need a philosophy that doesn’t dull us to the injustices of the world

history

History

Don’t be stoic: Roman Stoicism’s origins show its perniciousness | Psyche Ideas

Charisma must seem mystical, but that doesn't mean you cannot learn certain tricks that will enhance the charisma you already possess, or will give you the outward appearance of it.

The Charismatic

If people believe you have a plan, that you know where you are going, they will follow you instinctively. The direction does not matter: pick a cause, an ideal, a vision and show that you will not sway from your goal.

Purpose 

Mystery lies at charisma's heart, but it is a particular kind of mystery - a mystery expressed by contradiction. Since most people are predictable, the effect of these contradictions is devastatingly charismatic.

Mystery

Most of us compromise constantly to survive; saints do not. They must live out their ideals without caring about the consequences. The saintly effect bestows charisma.

Saintliness

A Charismatic relies on the power of words. The reason is simple: words are the quickest way to create emotional disturbances. They can uplift, elevate, stir anger, without referring to anything real.

Eloquence

A Charismatic is larger than life, has extra presence. It is essential to be self-aware, to have the ability to see yourself as others see you.

Theatricality 

Most people are repressed, and have little access to their unconscious- a problem that creates opportunities for the Charismatic, who can become a kind of screen on which others project their secret fantasies & longings.

Uninhibitedness

You need to believe in something, and to believe in it strongly enough for it to animate all your gestures and make your eyes light up. This cannot be faked.

Fervency 

Charismatics display a need for love & affection. They are open to their audience, and in fact feed off its energy; the audience in turn is electrified by the Charismatic, the current increasing as it passes back & forth.

Vulnerability 

Charismatics are unconventional. They have an air of adventure & risk that attracts the bored. Be brazen & courageous in your actions - be seen taking risks for the good of others.

Adventurousness

If any physical attributes is crucial in seduction, it is the eyes. They reveal excitement, tension, detachment, without a word being spoken. Indirect communication is critical in seduction, and also charisma. The demeanor of the Charismatic may be poised & calm, but their eyes are magnetic; they have a piercing gaze that disturbs their targets' emotions, exerting force without words or action.

Magnetism 

leadershipandmanagement

Leadership & Management

career

Career

communication

Communication

Understand yourself and those around you.

psychology

Psychology

How To Be Effortlessly Charismatic

Seduction is not merely sexual, it is an intelligent art. 

Which sort of seducer could you be? Siren? Rake? Cold Coquette? Star? Comedian? Charismatic? Or Saint? This book will show you which. Charm, persuasion, the ability to create illusions: these are some of the many dazzling gifts of the Seducer, the compelling figure who is able to manipulate, mislead and give pleasure all at once. When raised to the level of art, seduction, an indirect and subtle form of power, has toppled empires, won elections and enslaved great minds. In this beautiful, sensually designed book, Greene unearths the two sides of seduction: the characters and the process. Discover who you, or your pursuer, most resembles. Learn, too, the pitfalls of the anti-Seducer. Immerse yourself in the twenty-four manoeuvres and strategies of the seductive process, the ritual by which a seducer gains mastery over their target. Understand how to 'Choose the Right Victim', 'Appear to Be an Object of Desire' and 'Confuse Desire and Reality'. In addition, Greene provides instruction on how to identify victims by type. Each fascinating character and each cunning tactic demonstrates a fundamental truth about who we are, and the targets we've become - or hope to win over. The Art of Seduction is an indispensable primer on the essence of one of history's greatest weapons and the ultimate power trip. From the internationally bestselling author of The 48 Laws of Power, Mastery, and The 33 Strategies Of War.

Which sort of seducer could you be? Siren? Rake? Cold Coquette? Star? Comedian? Charismatic? Or Saint? This book will show you which. Charm, persuasion, the ability to create illusions: these are some of the many dazzling gifts of the Seducer, the compelling figure who is able to manipulate, mislead and give pleasure all at once. When raised to the level of art, seduction, an indirect and subtle form of power, has toppled empires, won elections and enslaved great minds. In this beautiful, sensually designed book, Greene unearths the two sides of seduction: the characters and the process. Discover who you, or your pursuer, most resembles. Learn, too, the pitfalls of the anti-Seducer. Immerse yourself in the twenty-four manoeuvres and strategies of the seductive process, the ritual by which a seducer gains mastery over their target. Understand how to 'Choose the Right Victim', 'Appear to Be an Object of Desire' and 'Confuse Desire and Reality'. In addition, Greene provides instruction on how to identify victims by type. Each fascinating character and each cunning tactic demonstrates a fundamental truth about who we are, and the targets we've become - or hope to win over. The Art of Seduction is an indispensable primer on the essence of one of history's greatest weapons and the ultimate power trip. From the internationally bestselling author of The 48 Laws of Power, Mastery, and The 33 Strategies Of War.

Robert Greene is an American author of books on strategy, power, and seduction. He has written six international bestsellers, including The 48 Laws of Power, The Art of Seduction, The 33 Strategies of War, The 50th Law, Mastery, and The Laws of Human Nature.

Robert Greene

The Art Of Seduction

Cultivating the right intentions leads moral improvement, moral improvement leads to human flourishing.Sometimes we make horrible decisions that, luckily, don’t result in disaster. Sometimes we try to do heroic, loving, or generous deeds but don’t make any difference in the world. Moral improvement is a matter of improving your intentions, developing your character, and better understanding why you are aiming at particular morally important goals. And the good life is one that can be captured in a certain kind of story, one that depicts your own moral development accurately.

The Cause And Effect Of Goodness

The “ultimate good” for human beings will involve satisfying our animal needs while also building up virtuous traits of character, over time and in a rational way.Contemporary philosophers name this state as “flourishing”—the complete state of being a well-developed, accomplished, and happy (in the good-feeling sense) person. Those who achieve this goal will feel and act in ways that represent the best parts of our nature. They will acquire all the virtues—like courage, generosity, and wisdom—and will integrate them seamlessly in an intentional and purposefully lived life.

The Ultimate Good: Flourishing

Asking yourself the right questions, followed by deep contemplation is one way to nurture your virtues.The key to weathering any hardship or difficulty is to continually remind ourselves that what matters is not what happens to us but how we respond to it. Can you respond with kindness to those who offend you, or are you stricken with inner rage?The Stoics believed that once we realize that the only thing that really matters is the state of our soul (or character), we can respond to any external obstacles in life by summoning this truth.

The Only Thing That Matters

<ul><li>The Stoic General gives himself advice on virtue and reflects on what he has discovered about the good life in his own adventures.</li><li>He reflects on nature, change, death—not just for himself but for everything in the universe. When he has a question about reality, he writes that down as well. </li><li>He reflects on the meaning of others’ lives in relation to his own—what he has learned from them and why specifically their lives have been good.</li></ul>

The Three Contemplations Of Marcus Aurelius

The stories we tell ourselves shape our lives, the truth of these stories decide to what extent we live in reality.Storytelling is a skill that requires careful attention to the details of life. It requires developing a “morally thick” vocabulary that brings out the nuance in our intentions. Instead of thinking about our decisions in simple terms like “right,” “permissible,” or “inexcusable,” we need more expressive language to capture our situations and our responses to them. We’re sometimes “cowardly” even when we do the right thing. We can be “selfishly motivated,” or “generous.”

The Story Is The Reality

Think about walking from a very dark room into a brightly lit one. You don’t immediately see more—you probably see less. Your pupils have to contract. Your brain has to process very different information. This everyday visual experience is a guide to the more serious difficulty we face when we try to learn. The hard question is how we can move ourselves to see and love what’s real. Do we want the sun or the puppet show? This is the core drama of any great education.

Desire The Truth

Effective altruism is a philosophical movement dedicated to giving people extremely specific advice about how money should factor into living an ethical life.The effective altruism movement is an ethical system guided by three connected assumptions about the role that money plays in the morally good life

Effective Altruism

<ul><li>Many effective altruists think that our primary moral obligation is to reduce suffering and promote happiness and that we can measure the moral worth of our decisions based on how effective those decisions are at improving net happiness.</li><li>Earn to give:  Earn as much as you can. Then dedicate as much of your money as possible to the most effective causes for reducing suffering and promoting happiness.</li><li>Effective altruists think we should decide who to help and how by using data about which interventions are most effective at promoting happiness and reducing suffering.</li></ul>

Living Generously: The Features Of Effective Altruism

Virtue ethicists are sometimes accused of advocating a self-centred morality, one that overemphasizes how your spending and giving affect you, the giver, and your pursuit of eudaimonia. Shouldn’t morality be about other people—about selflessness? But the effective altruists are selfless in a way that few of us can stomach. Their approach makes it very hard to see where there is any room to grow as a person with moral accomplishments and commitments.

Virtue Ethics

Sometimes we make horrible decisions that, luckily, don’t result in disaster. Sometimes we try to do heroic, loving, or generous deeds but don’t make any difference in the world. Moral improvement is a matter of improving your intentions, developing your character, and better understanding why you are aiming at particular morally important goals.And the good life is one that can be captured in a certain kind of story, one that depicts your own moral development accurately, and incorporates other people and the ways you support them in their pursuit of the good life.

Looking Through A Moral Compass

A thought experiment to understand moral psychology:A trolley is careening out of control down some tracks, on a heading to strike and kill five workers. Do you pull the lever to redirect the train which kills only one person? If it is okay to pull the lever, would it also be okay to push one bystander onto some train tracks to stop the trolley from hitting the five workers (killing him in the process)? If one person dies in every scenario, why should it matter that she was pulled rather than pushed, the manner in which the killing happened?

The Trolley Problem

The surprising discovery is that subjects do have different reactions to these variations. The more “person-to-person” the trolley problem is, the more reluctant someone was to act. So people are more likely to pull a lever to change the tracks, much less likely to push another person to their death!

What The Trolley Example Proves

Emotions and pleasure may be felt both too much and too little, and in both cases not well; but to feel them at the right times, with reference to the right objects, towards the right people, with the right motive, and in the right way, is what is both intermediate and best, and this is characteristic of virtue.

Whereas goal-directed activities get their value from culminating in an achievement—crossing the finish line makes the painful marathon worth running—goalless activities have value apart from how they end.Goalless activities are valuable just because you’re doing them, and they continue to be valuable as long as you do them and aren’t diminished in value because they don’t culminate in some big accomplishment.In this category, we can put things like sitting on a quiet dock to watch the waves come in or playing with our kids until we lose track of time.

Contemplation is Pointless, And That Is The Point

Contemplation is continuous—it doesn’t have a clear beginning or end. If you are absorbed in a thought or a moment, there is no definite point when you have to turn away.And contemplation is leisurely—there is no set pace you should strive to do it at and no such thing as being an “efficient” contemplative. Contemplative activities don’t have bittersweet endings, because they don’t really have endings at all.

Contemplation

Are you not ashamed of your eagerness to possess as much wealth, reputation and honours as possible, while you do not care for nor give thought to wisdom or truth or the best possible state of your soul?

Principles that are mistakenly high and strict are a trap; they may easily lead in the end directly or indirectly to the justification of monstrous things

Two Philosophers Ask and Answer the Big Questions About the Search for Faith and Happiness For seekers of all stripes, philosophy is timeless self-care. Notre Dame philosophy professors Meghan Sullivan and Paul Blaschko have reinvigorated this tradition in their wildly popular and influential undergraduate course “God and the Good Life,” in which they wrestle with the big questions about how to live and what makes life meaningful. Now they invite us into the classroom to work through issues like what justifies our beliefs, whether we should practice a religion and what sacrifices we should make for others—as well as to investigate what figures such as Aristotle, Plato, Marcus Aurelius, Iris Murdoch, and W. E. B. Du Bois have to say about how to live well. Sullivan and Blaschko do the timeless work of philosophy using real-world case studies that explore love, finance, truth, and more. In so doing, they push us to escape our own caves, ask stronger questions, explain our deepest goals, and wrestle with suffering, the nature of death, and the existence of God. Philosophers know that our “good life plan” is one that we as individuals need to be constantly and actively writing to achieve some meaningful control and sense of purpose even if the world keeps throwing surprises our way. For at least the past 2,500 years, philosophers have taught that goal-seeking is an essential part of what it is to be human—and crucially that we could find our own good life by asking better questions of ourselves and of one another. This virtue ethics approach resonates profoundly in our own moment. The Good Life Method is a winning guide to tackling the big questions of being human with the wisdom of the ages.

religionandspirituality

Religion & Spirituality

Two Philosophers Ask and Answer the Big Questions About the Search for Faith and Happiness For seekers of all stripes, philosophy is timeless self-care. Notre Dame philosophy professors Meghan Sullivan and Paul Blaschko have reinvigorated this tradition in their wildly popular and influential undergraduate course “God and the Good Life,” in which they wrestle with the big questions about how to live and what makes life meaningful.   Now they invite us into the classroom to work through issues like what justifies our beliefs, whether we should practice a religion and what sacrifices we should make for others—as well as to investigate what figures such as Aristotle, Plato, Marcus Aurelius, Iris Murdoch, and W. E. B. Du Bois have to say about how to live well. Sullivan and Blaschko do the timeless work of philosophy using real-world case studies that explore love, finance, truth, and more. In so doing, they push us to escape our own caves, ask stronger questions, explain our deepest goals, and wrestle with suffering, the nature of death, and the existence of God. Philosophers know that our “good life plan” is one that we as individuals need to be constantly and actively writing to achieve some meaningful control and sense of purpose even if the world keeps throwing surprises our way. For at least the past 2,500 years, philosophers have taught that goal-seeking is an essential part of what it is to be human—and crucially that we could find our own good life by asking better questions of ourselves and of one another. This virtue ethics approach resonates profoundly in our own moment. The Good Life Method is a winning guide to tackling the big questions of being human with the wisdom of the ages.

Meghan Sullivan

Paul Blaschko

The Good Life Method

Love isn't something natural. Rather it requires discipline, concentration, patience, faith, and the overcoming of narcissism. It isn't a feeling, it is a practice.

Erich Fr

Love is a decision, it is a judgment, it is a promise. If love were only a feeling, there would be no basis for the promise to love each other forever. A feeling comes and it may go. How can I judge that it will stay forever, when my act does not involve judgment and decision.

...in spite of the deep-seated craving for love, almost everything else is considered to be more important than love: success, prestige, money, power-almost all our energy is used for the learning of how to achieve these aims, and almost none to learn the art of loving. Could it be that only those things are considered worthy of being learned with which one can earn money or prestige, and that love, which "only" profits the soul, but is profitless in the modern sense, is a luxury we have no right to spend energy on?

Love is the only sane and satisfactory answer to the problem of human existence.

The landmark bestseller that changed the way we think about love: “Every line is packed with common sense, compassion, and realism” (Fortune). The Art of Loving is a rich and detailed guide to love—an achievement reached through maturity, practice, concentration, and courage. In the decades since the book’s release, its words and lessons continue to resonate. Erich Fromm, a celebrated psychoanalyst and social psychologist, clearly and sincerely encourages the development of our capacity for and understanding of love in all of its facets. He discusses the familiar yet misunderstood romantic love, the all-encompassing brotherly love, spiritual love, and many more. A challenge to traditional Western notions of love, The Art of Loving is a modern classic about taking care of ourselves through relationships with others by the New York Times–bestselling author of To Have or To Be? and Escape from Freedom. This ebook features an illustrated biography of Erich Fromm including rare images and never-before-seen documents from the author’s estate.

motivationandinspiration

Motivation & Inspiration

loveandrelationships

Love & Relationships

The landmark bestseller that changed the way we think about love: “Every line is packed with common sense, compassion, and realism” (Fortune).  The Art of Loving is a rich and detailed guide to love—an achievement reached through maturity, practice, concentration, and courage. In the decades since the book’s release, its words and lessons continue to resonate. Erich Fromm, a celebrated psychoanalyst and social psychologist, clearly and sincerely encourages the development of our capacity for and understanding of love in all of its facets. He discusses the familiar yet misunderstood romantic love, the all-encompassing brotherly love, spiritual love, and many more. A challenge to traditional Western notions of love, The Art of Loving is a modern classic about taking care of ourselves through relationships with others by the New York Times–bestselling author of To Have or To Be? and Escape from Freedom.  This ebook features an illustrated biography of Erich Fromm including rare images and never-before-seen documents from the author’s estate.

Erich Fromm, Ph.D. (Sociology, University of Heidelberg, 1922), was a psychoanalyst and social philosopher who explored the interaction between psychology and society, and held various professorships in psychology in the U.S. and Mexico in the mid-20th century.Fromm's theory is a rather unique blend of Freud and Marx. Freud, of course, emphasized the unconscious, biological drives, repression, and so on. In other words, Freud postulated that our characters were determined by biology. Marx, on the other hand, saw people as determined by their society, and most especially by their economic systems.

Erich Fromm

The Art of Loving

This is ridiculous thinking. When they defend their argument without any possibility

Totally Absurd

Beware of Thinking Delusion That May Lead To Absolute Absurdity

Absolute Absurdity

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